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Zakopane is a town in southern
Poland with some 28,000 inhabitants (2004), situated in Lesser
Poland Province since 1999 (in 1975–98, it was part of Nowy Sącz
Province). The town, a place of Góral culture and informally known
as "the winter capital of Poland," lies in the southern part of the
Podhale region at the foot of the Tatra Mountains, the only alpine
mountain range in the Carpathian Mountains.
Zakopane lies in a large valley between the Tatra Mountains and
Gubałówka Hill. It is the most important Polish center of
mountaineering and skiing, and is visited annually by some three
million tourists. The most important alpine skiing locations are
Kasprowy Wierch, Nosal and Gubałówka Hill.
Zakopane has the highest elevation (800-1,000 m) of any town in
Poland. The central point of the town is at the junction of Krupówki
and Kościuszko Streets.
History
The earliest documents mentioning Zakopane date to the 17th century,
describing a glade named Zakopisko. In 1676 it was a village of 43
inhabitants. In 1824, together with a section of the Tatra
Mountains, it was sold to the Homola family.
Zakopane's further history was connected with the development of the
mining and metallurgy industries in the region — in the 19th
century, it was the largest center for metallurgy in Galicia — and
later with that of tourism. It grew greatly over the 19th century,
as more and more people were attracted by its salubrious climate,
and soon developed from a small village into a climatic health
resort of 3,000 inhabitants (1889).
Rail service to Zakopane began on October 1, 1899.
During World War II, Zakopane served as an important Polish
underground staging point between Poland and Hungary.
In March 1940, representatives of the Soviet NKVD and German Gestapo
met for one week in Zakopane's Villa Tadeusz, to coordinate the
pacification of resistance in Poland. |