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HEALTHY  DIET 
THROUGH  REGIONAL  CUISINES

PROJECT

 General information
 Project activities
 Arranging the Comenius Corner
 Activities aimed at promoting
 healthy nutrition
 Exploring our regional traditions
 related to important festivals and
 celebrations (Christmas, Easter etc)
 Getting acquainted with
 the alimentary traditions of
 our countries and regions
 Student chats
 Student mail exchange
 'Comenius Club' and other
 regular Comenius classes

COMENIUS FAMILY - MAJOR PROJECT PARTICIPANTS

 Comenius pupils

 Comenius coordinators

 and assistant teachers

 Comenius parents

 School managerial and

 administrative staff

 Associated partners

 and visitors

PARTNERSHIP

 Partner schools

 Partner countries

 and regions

 Getting to know the

 regions of partner

 schools

 ASSOCIATED PARTNERS FOR EACH OF THE SCHOOLS

  Szkola Podstawowa nr 113,

  Lodz, Poland   

  Agrupamento Vertical de Escolas

  de Custóias, Portugal

  Szkola Podstawowa nr 23,

  Rzeszow, Poland

  Istituto Comprensivo 2,

  Taormina, Italy

  O.U. Zachary Stoyanov,

  Varna, Bulgaria

  Circolo Didattico di Procida,

  Italy

MEETINGS

 Lodz 26-29 Oct. 2006
 Portalegre 1-5 Dec. 2006
 Custoias 19-25 Mar. 2007
 Kranj 29 Mar-03 Apr 2007
 Lodz 01-04 Jun. 2007
 Varna 11-16 Oct. 2007
 Procida 08-14 Nov. 2007
 Taormina 14-23 Apr. 2008
 Rzeszow 13-19 Oct. 2008

HEALTH EDUCATION

 Alimentary habits in
 our countries

 Christmas alimentary

 habits in our countries

 EXHIBITIONS OF COMENIUS PRODUCTS IN OUR SCHOOLS

  Szkola Podstawowa nr 113,

  Lodz, Poland   

  Agrupamento Vertical de Escolas

  de Custóias, Portugal

  Szkola Podstawowa nr 23,

  Rzeszow, Poland

  Istituto Comprensivo 2,

  Taormina, Italy

  O.U. Zachary Stoyanov,

  Varna, Bulgaria

  Circolo Didattico di Procida,

  Italy

COMENIUS PROJECT
LOGO CONTEST

 All logos
 The winning logos

MEDIA LIBRARY

 

PARTNER COUNTRIES AND REGIONS

GENERAL INFORMATION

LODZ AND CENTRAL POLAND REGION  

 

 

General information about the region

Region łódzki, nazywany również regionem Polski Środkowej, jest położony w środkowej części kraju, w grupie województw nie stykających się z granicami państwa.

Większą część obszaru regionu stanowią niziny, zaliczane do pasa Nizin Środkowopolskich. Niziny zajmują północną i środkową część regionu, przy czym w części środkowej, na wschód od Łodzi, wyraźnie zarysowuje się pas Wzniesień Łódzkich. Najniżej położoną częścią  nizin jest dolina rzeki Bzury.

Na południu regionu występują wyżyny wchodzące w skład wyżyn Polski Południowej. Na wschód od Radomska znajduje się najwyższy punkt regionu, góra Chełmo (325 m n.p.mp).

Przez region łódzki przebiega główny dział wodny Polski. Z trzech większych rzek naszego regionu  dwie: Pilica i Bzura uchodzą do Wisły, Warta natomiast jest dopływem Odry.

W regionie znajdują się dwa duże sztuczne zbiorniki wodne: Jeziorsko na Warcie i Zalew Sulejowski na Pilicy. W krajobrazie regionu przeważają pola uprawne, łąki i pastwiska. Jedynie w południowej części regionu, głownie w dolinach Warty i Pilicy, pojawiają się duże obszary leśne.

Na terenie  regionu  Polski Środkowej rosły rozległe puszcze, które wraz z upływem czasu zostały wycięte przez człowieka w celu uzyskania pól uprawnych. Obecnie powierzchnia lasów w regionie wynosi 21 %. Jest to najmniejszy odsetek lasów  wśród wszystkich regionów w Polsce.

Miejsca, gdzie znajdują się rzadkie lub bardzo stare okazy roślin, zaginione wyginięciem zwierzęta, cenne  fragmenty krajobrazu, chroni się tworząc m.in. parki krajobrazowe.
Na terenie naszego regionu znajdują się:

  • Bolimowski Park Krajobrazowy, który obejmuje obszar Puszczy Bolimowskiej, pozostałości po dawnej puszczy królewskiej;
  • Park Krajobrazowy Wzniesień Łódzkich,
  • Spalski Park Krajobrazowy, w którym znajduje się najliczniejsze w Polsce Środkowej zimowisko nietoperzy w schronach w Konewce
  • Przedborski Park Krajobrazowy
  • Załęczański Park Krajobrazowy, który chroni głównie formy krajobrazowe z jaskiniami
  • Park Krajobrazowy Międzyrzecza Warty i Widawki – żyją tu m. in. żurawie, bobry i wydry.
  • Sulejowski Park Krajobrazowy.

W regionie Polski Środkowej żyje obecnie około 2mln 600 tys. ludzi. Są oni mieszkańcami 42 miast i 5234 wsi. 2/3 ludności regionu mieszka w miastach. Do największych, obok drugiej co do wielkości w Polsce Łodzi, należą: Piotrków Trybunalski, Pabianice, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Bełchatów,  Zgierz, Radomsko, Kutno, Skierniewice. Najmniejszym miastem regionu jest Szadek.

Miasta regionu mają charakter przemysłowy. Dominował w nich przemysł włókienniczy. Obecnie niestety, większość fabryk jest nieczynna, a bezrobocie stało się głównym problemem regionu. W dniu dzisiejszym przemysł w regionie reprezentują: największa w Polsce kopalnia węgla brunatnego elektrownia w Bełchatowie (elektrownia dostarcza 1/5 całej produkowanej w Polsce energii elektrycznej), cementownia Działoszynie, przerabiająca znajdujące się w pobliżu skały wapienne, oraz Kopalnia Piasku Szklarskiego „Biała Góra” koło Tomaszowa Mazowieckiego.

W rolnictwie przeważają uprawy zbóż i ziemniaków. W okolicach Białej Rawskiej, Rawy i Skierniewic znajduje się jedno z największych zagłębi sadowniczych w Polsce. W okolicach Łowicza dominuje uprawa warzyw, m. in. cebuli.  W okolicach Kutna natomiast przeważa uprawa buraków cukrowych.

Region Polski Środkowej leży na pograniczu głównych regionów historycznych Polski: Mazowsza, Wielkopolski, Śląska i Małopolski. Obszar ten obejmował historyczne krainy: ziemię łęczycką, ziemię sieradzką, ziemię rawską i część ziemi sandomierskiej.

Tourist attractions of the region

Nizinny, spokojny i wyciszający krajobraz naturalny Polski Środkowej (niziny poprzedzielane dolinami dużych rzek – Warty, Pilicy, Bzury) jest ważnym walorem turystycznym naszego regionu, zwłaszcza dla ludzi, którzy chcą odpocząć i poznać przyrodę. W wyniku spiętrzenia tamami dwóch rzek – Warty i Pilicy – powstały da wielkie zbiorniki wodne: Jeziorsko i Zalew Sulejowski. Wokół tych zbiorników powstało szereg ośrodków rekreacji i gospodarstw agroturystycznych. Można tu spędzić urlop lub weekend opalając się, pływając żaglówką lub kajakiem, wędkując czy zbierając grzyby. Można także podglądać wiele gatunków ptaków wodnych, które zakładają tu swoje gniazda, lub przylatują tylko okresowo.

W pobliżu Zalewu Sulejowskiego znajduje się kilka osobliwości przyrodniczych, wśród których najbardziej znane to rezerwat „Niebieskie Źródła” (źródła krasowe) w Tomaszowie Mazowieckim i groty w Nagórzycach.

Najbardziej wartościowe krajobrazowo i przyrodniczo obszary naszego regionu zostały objęte prawną ochroną. Utworzono siedem parków krajobrazowych, w których wytyczono liczne szlaki turystyczne. Można więc po nich wędrować (zachowując odpowiednie przepisy) pieszo lub rowerem, poznając ich piękno. Najbardziej atrakcyjny przyrodniczo jest Załęczański Park Krajobrazowy. Na jego terenie możemy oglądać 3 malownicze przełomy Warty oraz liczne formy krasowe (jaskinie). Z rzeką Wartą zawiązany jest również Park Krajobrazowy Międzyrzecza Warty i Widawki.

W dolinie rzeki Pilicy, porośniętej dużymi kompleksami leśnymi, utworzono dwa parki krajobrazowe: Przedborski i Sulejowski. Na terenach położonych w dolinie Pilicy powstał również Spalsko - Inowłodzki  Park Krajobrazowy. Fragmenty doliny rzeki mają tu charakter przełomowy( np. przełom pod Inowłodzem), co w połączeniu z dużymi obszarami leśnymi tworzy niepowtarzalny krajobraz. Korzystny jest tu również bioklimat, sprzyjający wypoczynkowi i długim pobytom rekreacyjnym. W Spale znajduje się ośrodek treningowy, w którym przygotowują się do ważnych imprez sportowcy z całej Europy. W lasach otaczających Spałę odbywały się wielkie polowania, w których uczestniczyli królowie, carowie, a po odzyskaniu niepodległości w 1918 r. prezydenci Polski. Mieszkali oni
w dworku myśliwskim w Spale.

Z doliną rzeki Rawki związany jest Bolimowski Park Krajobrazowy. Malowniczy i kręty bieg Rawki, liczne meandry i starorzecza zachęcają do spływów kajakowych. Porastające dolinę lasy są pozostałością Puszczy Bolimowskiej.

Park Krajobrazowy Wzniesień Łódzkich charakteryzuje się urozmaiconą rzeźbą terenu, modelowaną dodatkowo przez dolinki niewielkich rzeczek spływających ze Wzniesień w kierunku północnym. Park obejmuje tereny Lasu Łagiewnickiego, znajdującego się
w granicach Łodzi.

Ciekawe są również różnorodne ślady kultury materialnej i duchowej związane z przeszłością historyczną naszego regionu, takich jak zamki, dwory, pałace, kościoły i świątynie, obiekty przemysłowe.

Najlepiej zachowane zamki w regionie znajdują się w Oporowie, Uniejowie, Łęczycy, Piotrkowie Trybunalskim, Opocznie oraz Rawie Mazowieckiej. Ruiny zamków oglądać można m.in.: Inowłodzu, Bąkowej Górze, Przedborzu czy Bolesławcu nad Prosną. W Łęczycy, Piotrkowie Trybunalskim oraz Wieluniu zachowały się pozostałości fortyfikacji miejskich.

Obok budowli obronnych w regonie Polski Środkowej znajduje się wiele pałaców, dworów i rezydencji. Najbardziej znane są magnackie pałace w Nieborowie i Walewicach oraz biskupie w Skierniewicach i Wolborzu. Mniej zamożne rodziny szlacheckie pozostawiły po sobie dwory i rezydencje, których część, mimo wojen i dewastacji, przetrwała szczęśliwie. Obecnie są one siedzibami muzeów, ośrodków kultury itp. Najbardziej znane dwory znajdują się m.in. w: Tubądzinie, Ożarowie, Biskupicach, Kalinowej, Witowie, Kołacinie, Byszewie, Chojnach, Bratoszewicach, Rogowie.

Niektóre pałace i dwory są otoczone interesująco zaprojektowanymi parkami (n.p. parki pałacowe w Nieborowie, Walewicach, Skierniewicach i Wolborzu, park sentymentalny w Arkadii). Ze względu na założenia architektoniczne, a także często zabytkową roślinność, stanowią one atrakcję turystyczną

W regionie Polski Środkowej znajduje się wiele obiektów sakralnych powstałych w różnych okresach.

W Strońsku nad Wartą i Rudzie koło Wielunia znajdują się kościoły gotyckie. Z tego okresu pochodzi również kompleks opactwa Cystersów w Sulejowie, kościół św. Idziego
w Inowłodzu i kolegiata w Tumie koło Łęczycy.

Do najciekawszych obiektów gotyckich należą m. in.: kościół i klasztor podominikański oraz fara w Sieradzu, kościół poaugustiański w Wieluniu, fara w Piotrkowie, kościoły parafialne w Szadku, Będkowie, Bratoszewicach, Brzezinach i Warcie.

Kościół w Poddębicach, kościół św. Mateusza w Pabianicach, dawny kościół Bernardynów w Złoczewie to przykłady obiektów sakralnych w stylu renesansowym.

W regionie występują również liczne obiekty sakralne z okresu baroku. Najbardziej znane to: kolegiata prymasowska i kościół Pijarów w Łowiczu, kościół pojezuicki w Rawie Mazowieckiej, klasztor i kościół Dominikanów w Gidlach, kościół Jezuitów w Piotrkowie Trybunalskim, kościół i klasztor Franciszkanów w Łodzi – Łagiewnikach.

Na terenie Polski Środkowej znajdują się także świątynie innych wyznań. Spotkać tu można synagogi i cmentarze żydowskie (Łódź, Piotrków Trybunalski, Opoczno), cerkwie prawosławne (Łódź, Piotrków Trybunalski), świątynie ewangelickie (Łódź, Aleksandrów, Konstantynów, Pabianice, Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Zduńska Wola i inne).

Największe zgrupowanie historycznych obiektów przemysłowych znajduje się w Łodzi. Na pierwszym miejscu wymienić należy „królestwo przemysłowe” Karola Scheiblera czyli Księży Młyn. Obok ogromnych budynków fabrycznych wzniesiono tam domy dla majstrów i robotników, pałac właściciela, szpital, szkołę, siedzibę straży pożarnej.

Podobnych obiektów zaliczanych do tzw. Archeologii przemysłowej jest w Łodzi i w miastach związanych z przemysłem włókienniczym w regionie znacznie więcej. Sama Łódź ze swoją zabudową fabryczną należy obecnie do najbardziej atrakcyjnych turystycznie miast przemysłowych w tej części Europy.

Wartość turystyczną regionu wzbogacają muzea. Często zlokalizowane są w zamkach, dworach, pałacach lub zabytkowych kamienicach i gromadzi się w nich zbiory z najbliższej okolicy (Pabianice, Łęczyca, Łowicz,  Sieradz i. in.). Bardzo ciekawe są zbiory Muzeum Miasta i Rzeki Warty w Warcie, Muzeum im. M. Konopnickiej w Bronowie, Muzea Wnętrz Dworskich w Tubądzinie i Ożarowie, Muzeum w Nieborowie, Muzeum Bitwy nad Bzurą
w Kutnie. Interesujący jest również skansen lokomotyw w Karsznicach.

Na podstawie książki : Moja „mała ojczyzna” pod red. E. Szkurłat 

Lodz - at the heart of Poland

Łódź - a city at the heart of Poland, where Europe's major communication routes interweave. Established in 1423, the City for centuries lived a humble life only to experience a fresh start in the 19th century, with the arrival of the textile industry. At the time, Lodz was one of the fastest growing cities in the world. Nicknamed "the promised land", it grew to be a real home for thousands of settlers from around Europe.

Lodz was like a huge melting pot which mixed the various languages, cultures, religions, and national traditions. This variety produced the City's wealth and character. Here, side by side with the gigantic factories, emerged tasteful villas and palaces surrounded by parks, while the style of the downtown tenement houses evoked the bygone ages. These buildings outshined the vast working-class housing estates and invariable in their appearance suburban dwellings. The heritage of the past still plays a vital and decisive role in the City's contemporary architectural tissue, so that it resists being overshadowed even by modern steel-and-glass buildings.

Respectful of our tradition, we endeavour to carefully preserve the monuments of the past and identify their new roles and functions. The City's  historical landmarks represent some of its major attractions. Palace drawing rooms, beautiful interiors of the houses of worship, concert and theatre halls all emanate history and provide a setting for many captivating cultural events. Lodz's cheerful ambience proves that it is a city of youth, art, and academia. The great number of colleges, festivals, art exhibitions, festivities, and unique museum collections are true magnets for those wishing to be in the mainstream of European events.

Welcome to Lodz - a hospitable city with vibrant history, dynamic, and full of fascinating historical monuments and must-visits!

Text by Ryszard Bonisławski, source: http://en.brussels.lodz.pl/index.php?str=747

See a photo gallery of magnificent images of Lodz

created a passionate photographer, Krzysztof Firkowski

 

MATOSINHOS, PORTO

         AND NORTH PORTUGAL REGION (NORTE)    

PowerPoint presentation 

Photo gallery

BULGARIA AND VARNA REGION      

Bulgarian history

•  4 century B.C.: Thracian tribes settled in the Balkan Peninsula.
• 7 century B.C.: Greeks founded the first Black Sea colonies: Odesos (Varna), Mesembrya (Nessebar), Dionisopolis (Balchik)
• 5/4 century B.C.: Growth of the Thracian kingdom.
• 4/3 century B.C.: The Balkans fell under the power of the Roman Empire.
• 681-1018: Foundation of the first Bulgarian State. Its capital was Pliska. It was ruled by a khan (a tsar).
• 855: Cyrilus and Metodius created the Bulgarian alphabet.
• 865: Tsar Boris became converted to Christianity and all the people accepted the cultural and religious canon.
• 893-927: Under Tsar Simeon the First Bulgarian State reached its vigorous political and military growth. It is the greatest extension of the Bulgarian territory to the German Empire.
• 927-968: Decline of the state under Tsar Petar. Despite the numerous rebellions, Bulgaria was conquered by the Byzantium Empire. Hermits like Ivan Rilsky, who founded the Rilla Monastery, refused the lay life and expressed his discontent.
• 1185-1187: The two brothers-Petar and Assen leaded a rebellion against Byzantium and in 1187 the emperor made peace with them. Tarnovo was proclaimed a new capital (1185-1393).
• 1197-1241: Under Tsar Kaloyan (1197-1279) and especially under Tsar Ivan Assen II (1218-1279) North Albania, Macedonia and Western Thracia were incorporated into the Bulgarian territory.
• 1393: Ottomans attacked Bulgaria and destroyed Tarnovo. In the next five centuries Bulgaria was converted into a region of the Ottoman Empire.
• 1876: The April Rebellion was a sign for a bloody revenge to the Ottomans. More than 20000 Bulgarian people were killed.
• 1978: On March 3 with the San Stefano annex Bulgaria became an independent country but the southern part was under Ottoman control still 1912.
• 1912/13: Bulgarians, Greeks and Serbians attempted to eliminate the Turkish influence in the First Balkan war against Turkey. It ended with the London annex signed in May .In June the Second Balkan war started. Bulgaria was not a winner.
• 1914/18: During the First World War Bulgaria declared neutrality. Later participate took the side of Germany and Austria. In September, 1918 declared surrender. In October Ferdinand abdicated to the advantage of his son-Boris.
• 1923: A Rebellion against the government, leaded by Stamboliiski. The Prime Minister was killed.
• 1941: Bulgaria took part in the Second World War back Germany. Under the pressure of the people, Tsar Boris refused to extradite about 50 000 Bulgarian Jewish people.
• 1944: The Red Army crossed the Danube and declared war to Bulgaria.
• 1946: Monarchy turned to popular democracy with referendum. The Fatherland Front assumed power, began the time of communism.
• 1948/54: Stalinn period of Chervenkov

Photo gallery

 

VARNA - SUMMER CAPITAL OF BULGARIA


A district town, situated on Varna Bay on the Black Sea, 469 km north-east of Sofia; a seaside resort. Population of over 350 000. Third in population after Sofia and Plovdiv, called the seaside capital of Bulgaria. Terminal station on the railway lines Sofia-Varna and Rouse-Varna, a sea port, an international airport, second in traffic after Sofia.
Long sand-covered beach strips.

The gem of the Bulgarian Black Sea is situated at the end of the big Varna Bay, with a convenient and well conserved water area. The city's peculiar sea charm is sublime and moving. Ancient, medieval, renaissance and modern cultures mingle and coexist throughout the city. Varna lies on the same latitude of the famous Atlantic resorts Bayonne and Biarritz in France, on a large, flat and high terrace on the northwestern most curve of the bay which juts some 7 km inland.

During the holiday season, July and August, the sunshine allows 10-11 hours of sunbathing. There is nothing of the cold Baltic wind or the summer Riviera heat. The sea is amazingly calm and free of dangerous tides.
Apart from being a beach resort, Varna rivals the great cities of Sofia and Plovdiv, in its offering of cultural attractions and historical buildings, museums and art galleries. It also provides access to some of the quieter scenic spots along the coast, including the nature reserve of Kamchiya, the royal palace of Balchik and the hillside monastery of
Aladzha...
Varna is an 'around-the-year' holiday destination. Beyond the high Season its balneotherapy facilities can help you unwind and enjoy the many sights and sounds in peace.
Seaside Park - the biggest park of Varna, situated by the beach. Its construction begins in 1878. Within the park area one can find the Seaside Baths, the Navy Museum, the Museum of Natural History, the Aquarium (unique exposition of water organisms - Black Sea, freshwater, tropical fishes), the Astronomical Observatory and the Planetarium which organizes observation seances for visitors, Dolphinarium with an amusing show, etc. The Church of the Assumption - this church is second in scale after St. Alexander Nevsky Cathedral in Sofia. Erected in 1884-1886 by the master builder Gencho Kunev in honour of the Liberation from Ottoman yoke. Modern Byzantine architecture. Spacious interior, woodcarver iconostasis by masters belonging to the school of Debur, stained glass. The church is painted in 1949-1950. Declared monument of culture.
Evksinograd - a small palace in the vicinity of Varna built for a summer residence of Knyaz Alexander of Battenberg, later used by tzars Ferdinand and Boris III, nowadays - a residence of the government. The construction, started in 1886, the accomplished with the participation of the Viennese architect Rumpelmeyer, the Swiss architect H. Meyer and architect N. Lazarov. The architectural design reminds of the French 18th-century palaces. The building is situated amidst a beautiful park with rare exotic plants.

Varna halocline necropolis
In 1972 on the northern bank of Varna lake was discovered the Varna halocline necropolis, dated from the second part of the fifth millennium BC. The discovered finds prove the existence of a developed civilization in south Eastern Europe. Potter masks with golden applications, ceramic tools, copper decorations and etc were found in the excavated over 200 burial mounts. Over 3000 golden tools with total weight of 6, 5 kilograms were found there and they are considered to be the oldest cultivated gold in the world.

Interesting sites of the Rzeszow region

Sandomierz

Sandomierz is a medium-size old town situated in the south of Poland at the Vistula River. Due to its long and significant history in the town there are a lot of places worth sightseeing.      In the Middle Ages it was the centre of trade and well-organized craft.

The medieval Sandomierz was not only situated by the trade routes also possessed the storage privilege. The town was wealthy, and despite the raids of eastern tribes, fires and other misfortunes, it was always rebuilt. The local merchants as well as the visitors brought various goods from all world’s quarters. In order to store them, many warehouses were needed. Since the town area was limited by the walls, there was no possibility of  building new stores. As a result a system of basements used especially for storage, was created.

The basements were built between the 14th and 16th centuries. They were drilled in the layers of loess, under buildings, streets, yards and squares, sometimes to the depth of 15 metres.

Some of the basements have been well-preserved. Consequently a special underground route has been laid out for the tourists. It is about 450 metres long and includes 34 cellars at different levels.

Other well-known monuments of architecture include

The Opatowska Gate built in the 14th – 16th centuries – one of the best preserved town gates in Poland

The Oleśnicki Family’s Town-house dating from the 18th century, baroque

The Granary built in the 17th century

 

TAORMINA AND SICILY REGION (SOUTH ITALY)   

NAXOS - The first Greek colony in Sicily

In 734 B.C., some Greeks of Ionic origin found, on the eastern Sicilian coastline, a large and favourable landing site, protected by a small, low lava rock peninsula.

In this place, after dislodging the Siculi living there ( who retreated to the mountains behind)they founded the first Greek colony in Sicily; Naxos, whose name recalls the important homonymous island in the Cyclades in the southern Aegean Sea. Naxos became the main city among the Greek colonies of Ionic origin that were later founded along the Sicilian coastline (from the V century B.C., their reference was the Ionic city of Athens.

Archeological Museum

In a small defensive fortress ( XVII century ) inside the present archaeological area of Naxos, we can see an interesting museum which holds a selected group of archaeological reports and explanatory thematic papers. In particular we note: the prehistoric remains left in the oldest substrata of Naxos, fragments of pottery of the Siculo period ( XII-IX century B.C. ); numerous remains that come from the different temple areas of the city, and of particular interest the archaic head of the Gorgon ( VI century B.C. ), the antefixes with the face of Silen ( VI century B.C.); and , in a special room, the remains found in fruitful submarine explorations.

GIARDINI-NAXOS

Belonging to the municipality of Taormina until 1847, the small town of Giardini-Naxos was, between the XVI and XVII centuries, an industrial centre famous for the transformation of sugar cane cultivated on nearby land.

After a long period of decline, only in the later decades of the twentieth century did this become a flourishing village attracting many tourists who, every year, visit the ancient town of Naxos and nearby Taormina, enjoying as well its magnificent clean sea. As a symbol of their ancient history, in 1966 the characteristic Nike made by the Catanese sculptor Carmelo Mendola was  placed on the seafront, taking inspiration from the famous Hellenic statue erected on the island of Rhodes in the II century B.C.

In the town centre, you can see the church built at the beginning of the eighteenth century dedicated to Maria SS: Raccomandata and admire the sixteenth century fresco of the
"Madonna del Porto Salvo “.
 

TAORMINA

The new Naxos

In the area dominated by Monte Tauro ( 200 metres above sea level ), where  Taormina is situated today, at the beginning of the IV century B.C. there was already an important Siculan centre which, supported by the Caethaginians (firmly settled in western Sicily). Later a group of survivors from nearby Naxos (destroyed Syracuse in 403 B.C. ) and founded the new polis of Taormina ( Tauromenion ). According to some studies, there were also two distinct acropolis; one on Monte Tauro, the other on the mont where Castelmola is situated today. During the second Punic war ( 218-201 B.C. ), the Romans, at war with the Carthaginias, conquered and pillaged Siracusa, guilty of its alliance with Carthage, and consequently extended their dominion over the whole of Sicily. As a reward for help given to Rome, Taormina was nominated civitas foederata ( 212 B.C. ), a prestigious and rare status offered only to the most faithful Sicilian cities. Such a new political condition brought many Roman soldiers to the city with a consequent mixture of Latin and Greek culture ( although the Greek cultural element was always prevalent.

All during the imperial age, Taormina grew in importance in the commercial field, due to its geographical position in the middle of Via Valeria, an important road axis that connected Messina to Syracuse. In this period, taormina, progressively abandoning the area where the town had developed in the Greek-Roman period, expanded towards the southern rocky plateau, south of the present Porta di Mezzo, more easily defendable. In fact, protected by high walls and the small fortresses of Monte Tauro and Mola, the new town became an important stronghold and the last bulwark of Byzantine forces, resisting the Arabic invasion of Sicily (IX century): this in fact was the last important Sicilian city to be occupied by the Saracenes ( 902 ). After the war, the destroyed  city was reconstructed by the same Arabs.

A century later, in 1708, the Norman Ruggero d’Altavilla conquered Taormina, returning it to Christianity. Taormina enjoyed a short but intense period of prosperity after the Sicilian Vesper ( 1282 ), Taormina became the privileged location for prestigious meetings: here in fact, 1392, the pro-Aragon nobles met in order to restore queen Maria and her husband Martino to the throne, and then, in 1411, after the death of the last king of Sicily of Aragon origins, leaving no heirs, queen Bianca reunified the Sicilian Parliament. In the XVII century , Taormina was in fact deprived of its farmhouses of Gallodoro, Mongiuffi, Melia, Gaggi and Graniti in order to reorganize the finances of the Empire with the proceeds of the sale. In the eighteenth century, some European aristocratic families discovered the unspoiled natural and artistic beauty of Sicily. Thus Taormina became a favourite destination for high-class tourism, testified by splendid prints of that period. Some monasteries ( such as the monastery of San Domenico )  were transformed into prestigious hotels to welcome the many illustrious guests who, during the Belle époque, used to visit the city: Emperor William II of Germany, King Edward of England and the famous French writer Guy de Maupassant.

VISIT OF THE CITY

CHURCH OF SAINT PANCREAS

A small church from the late seventeenth century dedicated to Saint Pancreas, first bishop of the city, here portrayed in the  façade ( on the left-hand statue ) together with San Procopio. The Baroque building, as shown by the presence of great blocks on its base, was erected above an existing temple from the Hellenist period ( III century B.C. )

PALACE CORVAJA

The edifice is characterized by the presence of a fine battlement from the late Middle Ages that covers it entirely. The prestigious building was given, in the XV century, by the originals owners to the Rosso di Cerami family. At the beginning of the XX century, the palace was given to the Municipality, becoming, after great restoration works, the  seat of the tourist information bureau and the museum of popular traditions.

ODEON ROMANO

Built by the Romans , it came to light at the nineteenth century: a small theatre which was used for debates or musical recitals.

GREEK AND ROMAN THEATRE

With a diameter of 109 metres, the magnificent Greek theatre of Taormina is the second largest in Sicily after that in the prestigious and powerful city of Syracuse .

In the Hellenistic age, it was entirely excavated in the promontory which goes from the slopes of Monte Tauro and extends to the sea: its fantastic views overlook the bay of Naxos and Mount Etna. What we can see today dates back mostly to the  imperial Roman age ( I-II centuries  A.D. ) when, due to the decline of the theatre, it became a Roman amphitheatre to celebrate venations, cruel games where  the venatores fought for their lives in the arena against wild beasts ( this double function of amphitheatre and theatre was typical of the town where, due to lack of space or economic reasons, it was difficult to build two different structures).

NAUMACHIA

An imposing building ( 122 metres in length ) of the imperial-Roman age ( II century A.D. ), constructed entirely in brick, from where we can admire today the wide frontal which, surrounded by solid pilasters. Known as Naumachia ( a place where in the Roman period some small naval battles occurred ), it is instead a large reservoir of the hill  above, where an enormous cistern was excavated underground to guarantee an abundant water supply .

THE CATHEDRAL

Dedicated to San Nicolò and built around the XIII century, the church was entirely reconstructed in the XV and XVI century and rebuilt in the eighteenth century. The church is divided into three naves by a double series of columns. Inside, to the right of the main altar, we admire the statue of the “ Madonna del bambino “ ( first half of the XVI century ) . Above the second altar of the right nave, the polyptych on table ( 1504 ) by Antonio Saliba.

MONASTERY AND CHURCH OF SAN DOMENICO

This imposing monastery, the biggest in the town, was the prestigious seat of the Dominican Fathers in Taormina from 1430 to 1866. A few years later it was purchased by the princes of Cerami who sold it to an association and turned it into a prestigious hotel. The church which belongs to the monastery ( today deconsecrated ) dedicated firstly to Saint Agata and later to the Annunciation.

PALACE  OF THE DUKES OF SANTO STEFANO

Another aristocratic building worthy of mention is the noble residence of the Spanish De Spuches family. Princes of Galates and dukes of Santo Stefano di Briga, built as a tower-palace in the XIII to defend the western sector of the city ( the eastern sector was instead protected by Palazzo Corvaja.

BADIA VECCHIA

A Norman fortification ( XII century ), this building has a square form, decorated with swallow-tailed. It was probably a three-level tower used to reinforce the defence system of the city. In the late Middle Ages ( XIV-XV century ) it was enlarged and greatly transformed into an elegant residency. Today the restored building is the seat of a small archaeological museum that holds findings from the last century.

ISOLA BELLA - A magnificent protected marine area

The Isola Bella is a wonderful large rock, just a few metres high, linked to the mainland by a narrow strip of sand that at high tide is submerged by the Ionian sea. It belongs to the Municipality of Taormina and is situated in the splendid bay bounded by Capo Schisò to the north and Capo Taormina to the south.

Through the centuries the island belonged to various private owners who built inside it a sumptuous summer residence including a series of half-submerged rooms, from where the rich and multicoloured marine life can be seen through the portholes opening beneath sea level.

Recently the entire island, which includes a large part of territory of the bay and the tract of sea between the two capes, has been acquired by the Region of Sicily, becoming one of its protected areas under the management of the local section of WWF Italy.

GOLE DELL’ALCANTARA - A fluvial park in the middle of lava

The Alcantara is an important river of eastern Sicily, whose name comes from the Arabic domination in Sicily. Al-Qantarah means, in fact bridge and refers to the architectonic structure situated in the nearby town of Calatabiano ( a short distance from Taormina ) that permitted the river crossing. The Alcantara river, starting from the southern spurs of the Nebrodi Mauntains ( near the town of Randazzo ), marks the northern limit of the Etnean volcanites , and after a route of about 50 km, overflows into the Ionic sea south of Giardini-Naxos. Thanks to the incomparable natural beauty of this magnificent naturalistic area in 2001 the Region of Sicily established the fluvial park of the Alcantara river.

CASTELMOLA - A rock amongst the clouds

About two kilometres from Taormina, the name of Castelmola derives from a castle dominating over the town and from the shape of the rock on which it stands, which vaguely resembles a millstone “ mola “. This important fortress, erected in the Byzantine age ( IX-X century) became part of the complex defensive system of Taormina in the fourteenth century due to its strategic position ( from here we can see the Peloritani Mauntains  to the North and West, Mount Etna to the South , and the ionic sea to the East. The small town of Castelmola is situated by the fortress, characterized by a Middle Ages urban structure, with narrow winding street.

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 projekt: Szablonownia